ANN/THE JAPAN NEWS – According to a well-known Japanese proverb: Cherry blossoms in spring; fall colours in autumn.
Handed down through generations, it’s not surprising that this mindset may have contributed to the strong inclination of many Japanese people to bask in the beauty of fully blooming cherry trees during spring and immerse themselves in sweeping landscapes painted with shades of red and gold in the fall.
Clues about the origin of this behaviour can be found in classic Japanese literature, where numerous poems and stories explore the ever-changing seasons and their associated landscapes. With autumn already underway in Japan, I’d like to delve into the tradition of enjoying the beauty of autumn foliage.
According to Naoto Yoshikai – specially appointed professor of Japanese literature at Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts – the word momijimi (autumn foliage-viewing) first appears in The Tale of Genji, written by Murasaki Shikibu in the early 11th Century.
The final part of the story contains 10 chapters called Uji Jujo, in which most of the story is set in Uji in the southern Kyoto suburbs. One passage reads, “Niou-no-miya (Prince Niou) wished to see the foliage during the autumn season, so he waited for a good opportunity
to visit”.
In the tale, Niou-no-miya was the third prince of the then emperor, and the grandson of the protagonist, Hikaru Genji. Like Genji, Niou-no-miya is described as being “beautiful” and a “womaniser”.
Shui Wakashu (Collection of Gleanings of Japanese Poems), which dates from the same period as The Tale of Genji, contains a poem about an overnight trip to Yamato (present-day Nara Prefecture) to appreciate autumn foliage.
Classical literature reveals that aristocrats of the Heian period (794-late 12th Century) travelled to Yamato and Kawachi (present-day eastern Osaka Prefecture) to view cherry blossoms and fall leaves. “In the early Heian period, Kyoto had no well-known autumn foliage-viewing locations,” Yoshikai said. “Later, however, Sagano, Arashiyama and Mount Ogura became noted for their colourful fall leaves.”
Sagano achieved fame when Emperor Daigo – who reigned in the first half of the 10th Century – visited the area to enjoy its seasonal hues, Yoshikai said.
Poems that shone a literary light on locations with notable autumn leaves often became very well-known, too.
Tofukuji temple in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto, became famous for a different reason. It is Kyoto’s most popular leaf-viewing location, attracting up to 35,000 visitors each day during the peak autumn season.
Many flock to Tsutenkyo bridge to enjoy a panoramic view featuring about 2,000 red- and yellow-tinged trees that span a ravine within the temple’s precincts. The temple was highly regarded as a cherry blossom-viewing spot until the Muromachi period (1336-1573), according to the temple.
In 1408, a painter-priest named Mincho created a 12-metre-long, six-metre-wide painting titled Buddha’s entry into Nirvana.
Ashikaga Yoshimochi, the fourth shogun of the Muromachi Shogunate, was reportedly impressed with the painting, saying to Mincho, “As a reward, you can ask me for anything you want.”
In response, Mincho reportedly replied, “There are too many cherry trees in the temple’s precincts.
“They attract an overabundance of people who enjoy looking at the cherry blossoms, thus hindering ascetic practices. I’d like you to ban such blooms.”
After hearing this, Yoshimochi is believed to have ordered the felling of all cherry trees in the temple’s grounds. The cherry trees were subsequently replaced by maple trees.
It is said that the temple’s first priest Enni planted a trident maple tree in the Kamakura period (late 12th Century to 1333) that he brought back from China during the Song Dynasty.
The temple later planted more Japanese maples around the original tree, and there are now thought to be about 20 present-day descendants of the original trident maple.
I wonder what Mincho might say if he could see tens of thousands of people from Japan and overseas flocking to the temple to revel in the rich colours of the autumn leaves. – Yasuhiko Mori