David Koenig

A forecast of better weather means that the worst may finally be over for tens of thousands of air travellers who were grounded by flight cancellations that skyrocketted over the New Year’s Day weekend.

January usually means fewer people flying, and that will be even more true in 2022 because many business travellers haven’t returned to the skies.

The lighter crowds should buy airlines time to prepare for the next big onslaught, around spring break. That, however, won’t help the hundreds of thousands of flyers whose December plans were scrambled by airline staffing shortages and wintry weather.

Here’s a look at the factors that snarled flights for so many people during holiday season, and what the next few weeks are likely to bring.

WHAT HAPPENED?

Airlines were prohibited from furloughing employees as a condition of receiving USD54 billion in federal pandemic aid from taxpayers. But that didn’t stop them from encouraging tens of thousands of workers to quit or take long-term leaves of absence after the pandemic torpedoed travel in 2020.

Airlines that got caught with shortages of pilots, flight attendants and other workers last summer and fall – think Southwest, American, Spirit and Allegiant – thought they had time to beef up for the winter holidays. They went on hiring sprees.

That wasn’t enough, though, when the highly contagious Omicron variant of COVID-19 struck, knocking out flight crews just as holiday crowds began to pack airports. United and Delta were among the first to get hit just before the December holidays, blaming cancelled flights on a lack of crew members because of the surging virus.

Then storms packing snow and high winds lashed the Pacific Northwest, the Rockies, the Midwest and finally the mid-Atlantic region, creating waves of cancellations that resembled dominoes falling.

The global spread of omicron meant that widespread flight cancellations weren’t limited to the United States (US) Airlines in Europe and Australia reported similar problems with crew shortages.

WHEN WILL THINGS IMPROVE?

After more than 3,200 US flight cancellations on Monday, the number for Tuesday was down to 1,400 at midday – better, although still very high. A storm that crippled Reagan National Airport outside Washington, DC, and Baltimore/Washington International the day before had moved on, although there were residual cancellations because planes weren’t able to get into those airports sooner.

Airlines should get a break, with January and February usually being slow months for travel. Senior flight expert at Scott’s Cheap Flights Willis Orlando said airlines should have more ability to trim routes, reassign pilots and tap reserve staff. JetBlue has already reduced its schedule until mid-January and possibly longer.

Also, airline crews can return to work sooner after catching the coronavirus. Last week, US health officials changed their guidance and cut in half – to five days – the time they recommend that people should quarantine if they catch the virus but have no symptoms.

Delta and JetBlue lobbied for the change, although the largest flight attendants’ union criticised the move, saying it compromised the health of cabin crews.

On the negative side, new cases of COVID-19 are continuing to mushroom in the US, Canada, Australia and much of Europe. The seven-day rolling average for daily new cases in the US has more than tripled over the past two weeks, to 480,000 on Monday, according to figures from Johns Hopkins University.

SHOULD AIRLINES HAVE HAD MORE STAFF?

Although Congress did forbid airlines from laying off workers, lawmakers did nothing to prevent the large-scale staffing cuts that airlines made by paying people incentives to quit after travel collapsed in early 2020.

That left airlines short-staffed when travel recovered more quickly than expected during summer 2021. It takes time to retrain pilots and bring them back from long-term leave. Compounding the labor shortage, airlines like Southwest and American added flights to bring in more revenue.

Airline-consumer advocate and former airline employee Kurt Ebenhoch said travellers would still be seeing cancelled flights now even if carriers had avoided those mistakes, “but not in this high of a number”.

“Why did Southwest, American and Spirit run into such terrible operational problems and Delta, United and others did not?” Ebenhoch said. “The difference was in management decisions… Carriers that were more aggressive in resuming their schedule, getting closer to pre-COVID capacity faster and left little margin for error in their schedules experienced more operational problems, and their customers suffered.”

Airlines are trying to match staffing levels to passenger numbers, and travel has not fully recovered as the pandemic drags on. In December, the number of people going through airport checkpoints in the US was 16 per cent lower than during the same month of 2019.

IS THIS RUN OF CANCELLATIONS UNUSUAL?

Bad weather – from winter blizzards to summer thunderstorms – can always snarl air travel.

So can technology outages and other hiccups. And that risk grows during the holidays, when more people are flying. The holiday season in late 2013 was a particularly painful one for travellers, with airlines cancelling about 10,000 flights – and that was long before anyone had heard of COVID-19.

COULD THE AIRLINES HAVE PREVENTED THIS?

Even critics of the industry gave the airlines some slack, noting that scope and speed of Omicron’s spread was a shock to just about everyone. Other industries were also affected by employees contracting the virus and needing to isolate.

President of the consumer-advocacy group FlyersRights.org Paul Hudson said airlines should have planned better and the federal Transportation Department should have required the airlines to have ready reserves of people and equipment, “but the Omicron variant high infection rate is primarily to blame in the holiday season disruptions.’’

The airlines have been hiring. According to the latest figures from the Transportation Department, US passenger airlines employed the equivalent of about 409,000 full-time workers in October. That was down nearly 10 per cent from the same month in 2019, before the pandemic, but up more than 43,000 jobs, or 12 per cent, from October 2020.

WASHINGTON (AFP) – A year after the mob of Donald Trump supporters stormed the United States (US) Capitol, lawmakers are trying to heal the deep rifts left behind by the insurrection that sought to overturn the election results.

“January 6, 2021 will be forever remembered as a day of enduring infamy, a permanent blemish in the story of American democracy,” said top Democrat in the Senate Chuck Schumer, a few days before the anniversary.

“This was aimed at undoing our democracy. Thank goodness, they failed,” Schumer added.

“They,” in this case, being the crowds of demonstrators in helmets and carrying flags emblazoned with the name ‘Trump’, and who a year ago stood in the same spot in the Capitol where Schumer was delivering his sober words.

The now infamous QAnon guru with his bison headdress and bare chest was among them, brandishing a megaphone.

A few steps away, a television set has been installed to show the commemorations of the fateful day today. US President Joe Biden is due to speak, one of a series of elected officials sharing their memories of the ordeal.

A conversation between historians is also planned, with the aim of “establishing and preserving the story” of January 6.

Because even within the institution that was stormed, what actually happened is the subject of heated debate.

In recent months, elected officials close to former president Trump have tried to push quite a different story to the one being told by the Democrats. They said that January 6 was just a symptom of all that has gone wrong, and that those arrested after the assault are “political prisoners”.

With less than a year until crucial mid-term elections, some of their colleagues are making half-hearted pleas to move on.

“We have constituents back home that we need to be working for, our focus needs to be there,” said Republican Joni Ernst, many of whose colleagues have decided to shun today’s events.

On social media, in press releases and even in the corridors of this venerable institution, the multiple and conflicting stories spark angry debate. The wounds of January 6 are still very much alive.

“I think there’s still a lot of hurt and harm, but a lot of good has already come,” Democratic Senator Corey Booker told AFP.

The imposing wooden planks covering some of the windows for months have been removed and the broken panes which until recently reminded everyone of the violence of that day in January have finally been replaced.

The US Congress is safe, the Capitol Police chief insisted during a rare press conference on Tuesday.

In the snow, the dome of the Capitol begins to gleam again.