Lyna Mohammad

Malaysian Prime Minister Dato’ Seri Anwar Ibrahim said his visit to the Sultanate was important to mark a two-way discussion between both friendly countries.

The Malaysian Prime Minister spoke in an interview with the Bulletin following his audience and luncheon with His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar ‘Ali Saifuddien Sa’adul Khairi Waddien, Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam yesterday.

“I was impressed and moved because His Majesty has repeatedly spoken as a personal and a family friend, and wants to increase cooperation to a higher level,” said Dato’ Seri Anwar Ibrahim.

Both leaders emphasised the need to not only continue bilateral relations but enhance them, with the monarch saying he is looking forward to working with the Malaysian Prime Minister as well as settle unresolved issues and speed up some processes and implementations.

“I think 70 to 80 per cent has been resolved but implementation takes time,” said Dato’ Seri Anwar Ibrahim.

He added that issues of investments both ways were also touched on, as well as matters on general bilateral relations that cover cultural, educational and religious issues that are common to both.

“I think that covers quite a bit, but more importantly, matters have been resolved – both foreign ministries and my predecessors have done their part.

“What comes to my mind is the special treatment between both countries, and we must enhance the level of cooperation.”

Asked on the potential opportunities for Malaysian investment in Brunei Darussalam, the Malaysian Premier said these include the oil and gas sector, tourism and also the food security industry.

He also noted some areas which are just being explored such as information technology and digital industries.

Dato’ Seri Anwar Ibrahim also touched on how the ‘Malaysia Madani’ concept can strengthen and deepen Malaysia’s relationship with foreign countries, including Brunei Darussalam.

He said that Madani stresses on the priority of the economy as a way of life but also emphasises the issue of kindness, the issue of mercy, the issue of humanity and of course includes what he highlighted as an effort to empower culture.

Hence, coming from a relatively similar culture, in the context of the understanding of the country or society, Madani certainly has an advantage there, he said.

“I was moved because His Majesty also mentioned the Madani concept,” he added.

In the interview, the Malaysian Prime Minister also shared his views on the relocation of the capital city of Indonesia to Kalimantan and he noted its close proximity to Brunei, Sarawak and Sabah.

“This is going to be a huge investment. Of course it is still a bit too early and premature to determine the extent but certainly it will propel growth in this region particularly in Kalimantan and it is up to Brunei, Sarawak and Sabah in particular to make full use of these new opportunities.

“I have given instructions to both Sabah and Sarawak to prioritise and determine areas they could collaborate on, probably the energy sector, and my task particularly in the Ministry of Finance is to provide enough support and allocation.”

In addition, he noted potential benefits for the Sultanate in terms of tourism but also because Brunei is a global hub due to the international flights from Brunei, and mentioned that there is a need to facilitate and expand the domestic flights into Sabah and Sarawak.

Professor Rajeev K Varshney

Super-grain, super-food and wonder-grain are some of the adjectives often used to describe millets, one of the oldest foods known to humans, and probably the first grain used for domestic purposes.

The unanimous adoption by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) of the resolution to declare 2023 as the International Year of Millets, a proposal sponsored by India and supported by over 70 nations, underlines the international community’s support to recognise the importance and benefits of these grains for the global food system. Speaking on the subject during the adoption of the resolution India’s former permanent representative to the UN, Ambassador TS Tirumurti, said, “There is an urgent need to promote the nutritional and ecological benefit of millets to consumers, producers and decision-makers to improve production efficiencies, research, and development, investments, and food sector linkages.” He expressed gratitude to all the co-sponsors, especially Bangladesh, Kenya, Nepal, Nigeria, Russia, Senegal and all member states of the UN for their strong support.

Several ancient Indian scriptures make references to millets and the traces of millets have been found in the archaeological sites of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. For many years, millets were a part of our daily diet. Today, there is a growing realisation among Indian farmers that cultivating millets requires fewer inputs and it is also an economically viable option, especially in harsh and dry environments. This is supported by the new-found knowledge on the health benefits of millets. Also, over the last few years, the Indian government has been making extensive efforts to encourage the cultivation of millets.

The Union Government of India, headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, had declared 2018 as the National Year of Millets to boost production of the nutrient-rich grains.

A SMART FOOD

Millets are an important staple cereal crop for millions of smallholder dry-land farmers across Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. They are also called nutri-cereals or dry-land cereals, and include sorghum (jowar), pearl millet (bajra), finger millet (ragi), foxtail millet (kangni), proso millet (chena), barnyard millet (samvat ke chawal) and kodo millet (kodon), and offer high nutritional benefits. Millets are also referred to as ‘Smart Food’, which are good for the consumers, the planet and the farmers. For instance, finger millet has three times the amount of calcium as in milk, and most millets have very high levels of iron and zinc, low glycemic index, good levels of protein and fibre, and are gluten-free.

Millets can also contribute to addressing some of the largest global issues in unison: poor diet (malnutrition to obesity); environmental issues (climate change, water scarcity and environmental degradation); and rural poverty. They have a low carbon footprint and have the ability to survive and grow in warm climate with very little water. They are climate-smart and hence constitute a good risk management strategy for farmers as compared to rice and wheat crops, which need higher quantities of water and fertiliser supplements.

INDIAN MILLETS AT THE FOREFRONT

Efforts to bring Indian millets to the international forefront began in October 2017, during the Committee on Food Security event in Rome.

A series of meetings involving the Government of India (GOI), the agricultural research body International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and other stakeholders were organised at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN to identify the process of promoting the idea with FAO departments and the Indian Embassy in Rome.

Following this initial step, in November 2017, the Government of India’s then Union Agriculture Minister Radha Mohan Singh wrote to the UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, requesting the inclusion of the proposal in the UNGA agenda for an International Year of Millets in 2018. Although this process can typically take five years, the GOI, ICRISAT, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare and its millets research institute, ICAR – Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR), along with others pursued the cause, which came to fruition in 2021.

It is encouraging to note that the world is talking about depleting natural resources like arable land and water, and the pressing need to produce more to meet the food and nutritional requirements of the growing population.

Staple crops like rice and wheat are part of our traditional diets but are known to be water guzzlers, challenging our farmers, consumers and policy makers to explore ways to diversify our cropping system. Millets suit this requirement.

EASY TO CULTIVATE

Tolerant to drought and high temperature, and other climate change vagaries, millets are mostly cultivated on low-fertile land, mountainous, tribal and rain-fed areas of India like Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Telangana. As per the FAO data, the global millet production stands at about 90 million tonnes, of which India’s share is about 19 million tonnes.

However, as productivity for a majority of millets is very low, several Indian and international organisations have been working towards enhancing crop productivity by using multi-disciplinary approaches. For instance, the Pearl Millet Genome Sequencing Consortium, comprising 30 institutions, decoded the genome of pearl millet and identified genes for drought-and-heat-tolerance that may be useful not only for millets but also for other major cereals. These researches have contributed to developing several high-yielding hybrids and improved varieties of several millets that are grown by farmers in India.

MISSION MILLET

At the national level, the Government of India has been promoting the cultivation of millets on a mission mode to achieve nutritional security, following recommendations by a committee headed by NITI Aayog.

Indian Prime Minister dedicated 17 biofortified varieties of eight crops, which included two varieties of finger millets and one variety of little millet, on October 16, 2020, on the 75th anniversary of the FAO. As a part of the government’s initiative under the National Food Security Act, state governments have been advised to procure millets at minimum support price and distribute them under the public distribution system (PDS).

India’s National Nutrition Mission, POSHAN Abhiyaan, has also advised state governments to include millets under large public system delivery channels such as Integrated Child Development Services, Mid-Day Meals etc.

While the government and research organisations work towards higher productivity of millets, nutritionists and chefs are contributing towards the promotion of millets by creating unique millet dishes. Promotions are being done on easy ways to cook millets, convenient tasty millet recipes, and word is being spread about their nutritional benefits and environment-friendly qualities among all stakeholders – both at the national and international level.

The UN Food Systems Summit 2021 also offers additional opportunity to make the food systems sustainable and resilient. The declaration of 2023 as the ‘International Year of Millets’ will certainly support all these efforts and make millets a popular and healthy food choice for all.

Professor Rajeev K Varshney is a Research Programme Director at the International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India and an Adjunct Professor with Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Australia.

SHILLONG, INDIA (AP) – Thirty archers armed with bamboo bows and arrows sit on a platform awaiting instruction. Then they take aim at a straw cylinder 60 feet away.

They each have 34 arrows to shoot in four minutes. They release one arrow after another, their movements languid and practiced. The next round of the competition soon follows, when the archers must shoot 24 arrows in three minutes.

The ancient skill of archery thrives in Shillong, the capital of the northeastern Indian state of Meghalaya.

Every day, behind a row of beverage shops and next to a motor garage, this event is held except on Sundays and state holidays.

Archery is part of the traditional rites of Indigenous people in Meghalaya with folk tales of its origins told for generations.

The rules of the event are set by the Khasi Hills Archery Sports Institute. Khasis, with the Jaintias and the Garos, are the Indigenous people of the state.

Matias Jyrwa, 58, used to watch the event with his father at the same venue since he was 11 years old. He is a proficient archer and has taught his sons to keep the tradition going.

“Not many young ones are interested, especially from the city. But in villages, it is still popular and that’s where most archers come from,” said Jyrwa, who is also the general secretary of the archery institute.

In villages across the state, a more traditional form of archery is practiced.

The archers have to hit a much smaller target mounted on a stick and a form of poetry called phawar – four lines composed on the spot – is used to rattle opponents. But it is the curious marriage of this traditional event with a business called teer, that helps keep the tradition alive.

Dozens of small kiosks, often put together with recycled iron sheets and wood, dot the capital city known for its swanky cafes, football and a popular live music scene.

At these kiosks, one can bet small amounts of money by predicting the last two digits of the archery results and get the money multiplied several times if the guesses turn out to be correct.

Since the money is small, the lure of a reward is strong and the counters see good traffic throughout the day.

The last two digits of the results are displayed immediately after the event ends and kiosk managers watch the event live on YouTube.

The local Khasi name for the betting is “tim”, derived from the English word team. When the British occupied India and had a strong presence in Shillong, the teer was done on polo teams, but locals have since adapted the idea to bet on archery results.

According to local legend, the most successful betters are guided by their dreams when choosing the right, or lucky, numbers to bet on. But some have adopted more modern means to help a better decide on a number. Bantei, a young man at one of the kiosks, offers an app on his smartphone for customers to use to help find their lucky numbers and place teer.