Dani Blum
CNA/THE NEW YORK TIMES – Satya Doyle Byock, a 39-year-old therapist, noticed a shift in tone over the past few years in the young people who streamed into her office: Frenetic, frazzled clients in their late teens, 20s and 30s. They were unnerved and unmoored, constantly feeling like something was wrong with them.
“Crippling anxiety, depression, anguish, and disorientation are effectively the norm,” Byock wrote in the introduction of her new book, Quarterlife: The Search for Self in Early Adulthood.
The book uses anecdotes from Byock’s practice to outline obstacles faced by today’s young adults – roughly between the ages of 16 and 36 – and how to deal with them.
Just like mid-life, quarter-life can bring its own crisis – trying to separate from your parents or caregivers and forge a sense of self is a struggle. But the generation entering adulthood now faces novel, sometimes debilitating, challenges.
Many young people today struggle to afford college or decide not to attend, and the “existential crisis” that used to hit after graduation descends earlier and earlier, said Kent State University psychology professor Dr Angela Neal-Barnett, who has studied anxiety in young people.
“We’ve been constrained by this myth that you graduate from college and you start your life,” she said. Without the social script previous generations followed – graduate college, marry, raise a family – Byock said her young clients often flailed around in a state of extended adolescence.
Indeed, according to a recent online survey by Credit Karma, a personal finance platform, nearly one-third of Gen Z adults are living with their parents or other relatives and plan to stay there. Many find themselves so mired in day-to-day monetary concerns, from the relentless crush of student debt to the swelling costs of everything, that they feel unable to consider what they want for themselves long term. That paralysis is often exacerbated by mounting climate anxiety and the slog of a multiyear pandemic that has left many young people mourning family and friends, or smaller losses like a conventional college experience or the traditions of starting a first job.
Experts said those entering adulthood need clear guidance for how to make it out of the muddle. Here are their top pieces of advice on how to navigate a quarter-life crisis today.
TAKE YOURSELF SERIOUSLY
“Set aside time to be selfish,” said Dr Neal-Barnett, who is also the author of Soothe Your Nerves: The Black Woman’s Guide to Understanding and Overcoming Anxiety, Panic and Fear. She recommended scheduling reminders to check in with yourself, roughly every three months, to examine where you are in your life and whether you feel stuck or dissatisfied. From there, she said, you can start to identify aspects of your life that you want to change.
Byock said to pay attention to what you’re naturally curious about, and not to dismiss your interests as stupid or futile. Maybe there is a place you have always wanted to visit, or a language you want to learn. Maybe you want to take up a new hobby or research a part of your family history. “Start to give your own inner life the respect that it’s due,” she said.
However, there is a difference between self-interest and self-indulgence, Byock said. Investigating and interrogating who you are takes work. “It’s not just about choosing your labels and being done,” she said.
BE PATIENT
“Some people are still locked into the view that you turn into an adult when you’re 18, and that you should be all ready to go,” said Clark University researcher Dr Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, who studies the psychology of young adulthood. “I don’t know if that ever made sense, but it certainly doesn’t now.”
Quarter-lifers may feel pressure to race through each step of their lives, Byock said, craving the sense of achievement that comes with completing a task.
But learning to listen to oneself is a lifelong process. Instead of searching for quick fixes, she said, young adults should think about longer-term goals: Starting therapy that stretches beyond a handful of sessions, building healthy nutrition and exercise habits, working toward self-reliance.
“I know that seems sort of absurdly large and huge in scope,” she said. “But it’s allowing ourselves to meander and move through life, versus just ‘Check the boxes and get it right.’”
ASK YOURSELF WHAT’S MISSING
Byock also said to take stock of your day-to-day life and notice where things are missing. She groups quarter-lifers into two categories: “Stability types” and “meaning types”.
“Stability types” are seen by others as solid and stable.
They prioritise a sense of security, succeed in their careers and may pursue building a family.
“But there’s a sense of emptiness and a sense of faking it,” she said. “They think this couldn’t possibly be all that life is about.”
On the other end of the spectrum, there are “meaning types” who are typically artists; they have intense creative passions but have a hard time dealing with day-to-day tasks, Byock said.
“These are folks for whom doing what society expects of you is so overwhelming and so discordant with their own sense of self that they seem to constantly be floundering,” she said. “They can’t quite figure it out.”
But quarter-life is about becoming a whole person, Byock said, and both groups need to absorb each other’s characteristics to balance themselves out. Stability types need to think about how to give their lives a sense of passion and purpose.
And meaning types need to find security, perhaps by starting with a consistent routine that can both anchor and unlock creativity.
CHANNEL YODA
That process of cobbling together self-understanding can seem pointless in an unstable world, Byock acknowledged, and many young people are overwhelmed by the current state of the world.
She turns to perhaps the prototypical inspiration for staying calm in chaos: Yoda.
The Jedi master is “one of the few images we have of what feeling quiet amid extreme pain and apocalypse can look like”, Byock said. Even when there seems to be little stability externally, she said, quarter-lifers can try to create their own steadiness.
Psychiatrist Dr Gregory Scott Brown, who is the author of The Self-Healing Mind, said establishing habits that help you ground yourself as a young adult is critical because transitional periods make us more susceptible to burnout. He suggests building a practical tool kit of self-care practices, like regularly taking stock of what you’re grateful for, taking controlled breaths and maintaining healthy nutrition and exercise routines. “These are techniques that can help you find clarity,” he said.
DON’T BE AFRAID TO MAKE A BIG CHANGE
It’s important to identify what aspects of your life you have the power to alter, Dr Brown said. “You can’t change an annoying boss,” he said, “but you might be able to plan a career change”. That’s easier said than done, he acknowledged, and young adults should weigh the risks of continuing to live in their status quo – staying in their hometown, or lingering in a career that doesn’t excite them – with the potential benefits of trying something new.
Despite its confusion and constraints, quarter-life is typically “the freest stage of the whole life span”, Dr Arnett said. Young adults may have an easier time moving to a new city or starting a new job than their older counterparts would.
KNOW WHEN TO CALL YOUR PARENTS – AND WHEN TO CALL ON YOURSELF
Quarterlife is about the journey from dependence to independence, Byock said – learning to rely on ourselves, after, for some, growing up in a culture of helicopter parenting and hands-on family dynamics.
But even if you’re still living in your childhood bedroom, Byock said, there are ways your relationship with your parents can evolve, helping you carve out more independence. That can involve talking about family history and past memories or asking questions about your parents’ upbringing. “You’re transitioning the relationship from one of hierarchy to one of friendship,” she said. “It isn’t just about moving away or getting physical distance.”
Every quarter-lifer typically has a moment when they know they need to step away from their parents and to face obstacles on their own, Byock said. For her, the realisation came after a breakup in her mid-20s. She called her mother sobbing in the middle of the night, and her mother offered to visit her and help her through. Byock was tempted, but declined. “It felt so good to have her offer to come to my rescue, but I also knew in that same moment that I had to do this by myself,” Byock said.
That doesn’t mean you can’t, or shouldn’t, still depend on your parents in moments of crisis, she said. “I don’t think it’s just about never needing one’s parents again,” she said.
“But it’s about doing the subtle work within oneself to know: This is a time I need to stand on my own.”
