AFP – The death of the world’s oldest person at the age of 118 recently has reignited a debate that has divided scientists for centuries: is there a limit on how long a healthy human can live?
After French nun Lucile Randon died on January 17, Spanish great-grandmother Maria Branyas Morera, 115, has assumed the title of the oldest living person, according to Guinness World Records.
Back in the 18th Century, French naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc, known as the Comte de Buffon, theorised that a person who had not suffered an accident or illness could live for a theoretical maximum of 100 years.
Since then, medical advancements and improving living conditions have pushed the limit back by a couple of decades.
A new milestone was reached when Frenchwoman Jeanne Calment celebrated her 120th birthday in 1995.
Calment died two years later at the age of 122. She remains the oldest person ever to have lived – that has been verified, at least.
According to the United Nations, there were an estimated 593,000 people aged 100 years or older in 2021, up from 353,000 a decade earlier.
The number of centenarians is expected to more than double over the next decade, according to the Statista data agency.
The Comte de Buffon might also have been surprised by the rise of supercentenarians – people aged 110 or over – whose numbers have been increasing since the 1980s.
NATURAL LIMIT AT 115?
So how far could we go? Scientists disagree, with some maintaining that the lifespan of our species is limited by strict biological constraints.
In 2016, geneticists writing in the journal Nature said there had been no improvement in human longevity since the late 1990s.
Analysing global demographic data, they found that the maximum human lifespan had declined since Calment’s death – although there were more elderly people in the world.
“They concluded that human lifespan has a natural limit and that longevity is limited to around 115 years,” French demographer Jean-Marie Robine said.
“But this hypothesis is partly disputed by many demographers,” said Robine.
Research in 2018 found that while the rate of death increases with age, it slows down after 85.
Around the age of 107, the rate of death peaks at 50-60 per cent every year, the research said.
“Under this theory, if there are 12 people aged 110, six will survive to be 111, three to be 112, and so on,” Robine said.
A NUMBERS GAME
But the more supercentenarians, the higher chance a few have to live to make it to record ages.
If there are 100 supercentenarians, “50 will live to be 111 years old, 25 to 112”, Robine said.
“Thanks to a ‘volume effect’, there are no longer fixed limits to longevity.”
